Using Geogrid Encased Granular Columns for Embankment’s Slope Protection: 3D-Finite Difference Analysis

The stability of the embankment’s slopes is a critical aspect geotechnical engineering and it essential to guarantee effectiveness factor safety prevent any potential failures in slope both during post-construction. current study consists two parts; first part behavior geogrid-encased granular columns their interaction with soil at shear surface generated by slippage soil, while second changing several factors, including area replacement ratio (Ar %) columns, angle embankment (?), different elastic modulus (Eg) geogrid on an embankment. About 90 analyses were conducted clayey sand over layer. ratios changed using values diameter column; from 50 100 cm. was 28 36 degrees. Furthermore, three values, 0.12, 2.625, 6.552 GPa, elasticity used. results show that increasing increases normalized strength decreases lateral displacement column. increased as stiffness between materials increased. However, noted decrease when